The XN10A/3.5 is a well designed 3.5' open array Antenna. The XN10A has a 2.2 horizontal beam width. Its range is 48 nautical miles. WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals which are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to P65Warnings.ca.gov.This product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 42"
Box Dimensions: 18"H x 18"W x 44"L WT: 14 lbs
UPC: 611679249173
DRS25ANXT Doppler Radar Pedestal - Less Antenna and Cable200 Watt Solid-State Doppler Radar with Target Analyzer and Fast Target Tracking, less antenna and cable.Specifications:
Band: X-Band
Beam Width: 1.35 degrees or 1.9 degrees or 2.3 degrees, depending on array choice
Power Usage: 24 VDC
Power Output: 200 W
The NXT step with doppler Radar technologyThe Furuno NXT Radar is the next step in Radar evolution; a Solid-State Radar with pulse compression, Target Analyzer™ and Fast Target Tracking™ utilizing Doppler technology. Combined with FURUNO exclusive RezBoost™ technology for beam sharpening, NXT packs the performance of a larger Radar in a more compact package.Target Analyzer function utilizing Doppler technologyNXT was the first Radar in the world to use the new Furuno exclusive Target Analyzer™ function, where targets that are approaching your vessel automatically change color. Green targets are targets that stay stationary, or are moving away from you, while red targets are moving towards your vessel. Target Analyzer™ works independent of vessel speed, both your own vessels and target vessels, with minor limitations. Echoes dynamically change colors as targets approach, or get farther away from your vessel. Target Analyzer™ can increase safety, as well as improve situational awareness.Fast Target TrackingOnce a target has been selected, a speed and course vector is displayed in seconds. With accurate tracking information, estimation of other vessel's course and speed is greatly simplified. With Doppler technology, any vessel approaching yours will automatically display a target vector, as well as sound an alarm.RezBoost Beam SharpeningFor the first time Furuno's exclusive RezBoost™ technology is used in one of our Radar units, with impressive performance. With RezBoost™ set to MAX, the sharpness of a much larger open array antenna can be achieved.Bird Mode gives you the inside scoop on schools of fish!The DRS-NXT series features an enhanced Bird Mode that helps you identify birds gathering around schools of fish at the sea surface. Bird Mode adjusts the gain and sea settings automatically for optimal visibility.REQUIRED OPTION : 3.5ft part # XN10A/3.5 , 4ft part# XN12A/4, Or 6'part# XN13A/6 Array required REQUIRES OPTIONAL SIGNAL/POWER CABLEThis product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns.
DRS4D-NXT Solid-State Doppler Radar - No CableThe NXT Leap In Radar TechnologyA Solid-State Radar with pulse compression, Target Analyzer™, and Fast Target Tracking™ utilizing Doppler technology. Combined with Furuno's exclusive RezBoost™ technology, the DRS4D-NXT packs the performance of an open array radar, in a compact 24" radome.Target Analyzer™The DRS4D-NXT is the first radar in the world to use the Target Analyzer™ function. Targets that are approaching your vessel automatically change color to help you identify when they are hazardous. Green echoes are targets that stay stationary or are moving away from you, while red echoes are hazardous targets that are moving toward your vessel.Echoes dynamically change colors as targets approach, or get farther away from your vessel. This improves situational awareness and can increase safety by showing you which targets to look out for.Features:
RezBoost™ Beam Sharpening
Bird Mode
Fast Target Tracking™
NXT, Solid-State pulse compression Doppler Radar
Bird Mode, track birds to nd the best fishing grounds
Simple installation, no need to open the radome, external PSU is not required
Smart-connector cable for retrofitting existing DRS cable installations
No warm-up time
Compact 24" radome with 25W output power
Signal/Power cable is an accessory
This product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns.
4kW Magnum with 4' Array & 15M RayNet Radar CableHigh Performance, Long Range Open Array RadarMagnum high performance open array radars bring long range performance and unmatched small target radar imaging to Raymarine multifunction navigation displays. Employing many of the same radar technologies trusted by the United States Coast Guard, Magnum offers enhanced target tracking and reliable performance, all packaged in a sleek open-array pedestal built to withstand the elements.Key Features:Magnum is available in 4kW or 12kW power output options, and with either a four-foot or six-foot antenna array option. It offers a maximum range up to 96nm for 12kW models – ideal for blue water vessels – and up to 72nm for 4kW models. The perfect companion to Raymarine’s award-winning Axiom® and Axiom Pro multifunction navigation displays (MFD) running LightHouse 3, Magnum is also backwards compatible with legacy models including:
LightHouse 2-based a, c, e, eS and gS-Series MFDs
C-Series Widescreen and E-Series Widescreen MFDs
E-Series Classic, G-Series Multifunction Displays
*Note: Not all Magnum features are available on all legacy MFDs.Superior Bird ModeBuilding upon Raymarine’s already exceptional bird identification technology, we have further advanced Magnum’s Bird Mode feature to target birds with greater clarity up to 10nm. Locating flocks of birds with Magnum helps anglers find schooling baitfish faster and with less fuel consumption.Enhanced Radar ImagingMagnum radar also features Raymarine beam sharpening technology, delivering better than 1-degree bearing resolution for more detailed target separation, map-like coastal detail, and superior long-range performance.Best in Class Target TrackingMagnum delivers better situational awareness with fully automatic MARPA target acquisition and tracking. Magnum also makes use of Raymarine’s Evolution 9-axis heading sensor technology to deliver real-time, accurate target plots.True TrailsMagnum features True Trails target history. The True Trails features enables you to see a historical “wake” behind every moving contact. This additional information makes it even easier to interpret the motion of other vessels and make smart maneuvering decisions to pass safely.Real Time Heading UpdatesConnect Magnum with Axiom and LightHouse 3 and experience uninterrupted radar target imagery when making course changes. Real Time Heading updates allow the radar position display to rotate freely as-needed, without the need to refresh the entire display. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 48"
Power - Output: 4kW
Box Dimensions: 1"H x 21"W x 21"L WT: 85 lbs
DRS12ANXT Doppler Radar Pedestal - Less Antenna and Cable100 Watt Solid-State Doppler Radar with Target Analyzer and Fast Target Tracking, less antenna and cable RezBoost Beam SharpeningFor the first time Furuno's exclusive RezBoost™ technology is used in one of our Radar units, with impressive performance. With RezBoost™ set to MAX, the sharpness of a much larger open array antenna can be achieved.Bird Mode gives you the inside scoop on schools of fish!The DRS-NXT series features an enhanced Bird Mode that helps you identify birds gathering around schools of fish at the sea surface. Bird Mode adjusts the gain and sea settings automatically for optimal visibility.The NXT step with doppler Radar technologyThe Furuno NXT Radar is the next step in Radar evolution; a Solid-State Radar with pulse compression, Target Analyzer™ and Fast Target Tracking™ utilizing Doppler technology. Combined with FURUNO exclusive RezBoost™ technology for beam sharpening, NXT packs the performance of a larger Radar in a more compact package.Target Analyzer function utilizing Doppler technologyNXT was the first Radar in the world to use the new Furuno exclusive Target Analyzer™ function, where targets that are approaching your vessel automatically change color. Green targets are targets that stay stationary, or are moving away from you, while red targets are moving towards your vessel. Target Analyzer™ works independent of vessel speed, both your own vessels and target vessels, with minor limitations. Echoes dynamically change colors as targets approach, or get farther away from your vessel. Target Analyzer™ can increase safety, as well as improve situational awareness.Fast Target TrackingOnce a target has been selected, a speed and course vector is displayed in seconds. With accurate tracking information, estimation of other vessel's course and speed is greatly simplified. With Doppler technology, any vessel approaching yours will automatically display a target vector, as well as sound an alarm.This product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns.
DRS12ANXT/3 Radar Pedestal 3' Array - 15M CableThe high-power NXT solid-state Radar options for NavNet TZtouch2 and TZtouch3. These radar options pack serious power and include several Furuno exclusive features: Target Analyzer™ highlights targets in red or green to indicate potential danger, Fast Target Tracking™ displays target vectors in mere seconds, ARPA displays and tracks up to 100 targets in a single sweep, Bird Mode automatically adjusts gain and sea settings to help you find those feathered friends, and Rain Mode turns storm cells blue so you can easily navigate around the weather. Works with NavNet TZtouch2/Tztouch3 MFDs. The high-power DRS12A-NXT and DRS25A-NXT are 100W and 200W respectively.Features:
High-power 100W (DRS12A-NXT) or 200W (DRS25A-NXT) Solid State Radars for NavNet Tztouch2 and Tztouch3
Utilize 3.5-foot, 4-foot, or 6-foot Open Array antennas
Target Analyzer™ shows dangerous targets approaching your boat by automatically changing their color to red
Fast Target Tracking™ displays a target speed and course vector in only seconds after acquiring
Bird mode works automatically adjusting the gain & sea settings for optimal visibility
Rain Mode isolates rain cells so that you can see your targets
Exceptional short-range detection
Furuno DRS Radars are available in bundled kits that include the DRS Radar, Antenna, and signal cable. Models ending in /3 include the XN10A/3 antenna. Models ending in /4 include the XN12A/4 antenna. Models ending in /6 include the XN13A/6 antenna.This product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 36"
Box Dimensions: 8"H x 17"W x 17"L WT: 64.6 lbs
12kW Magnum with 4' Array & 15M RayNet Radar CableHigh Performance, Long Range Open Array RadarMagnum high performance open array radars bring long range performance and unmatched small target radar imaging to Raymarine multifunction navigation displays. Employing many of the same radar technologies trusted by the United States Coast Guard, Magnum offers enhanced target tracking and reliable performance, all packaged in a sleek open-array pedestal built to withstand the elements.Key Features:Magnum is available in 4kW or 12kW power output options, and with either a four-foot or six-foot antenna array option. It offers a maximum range up to 96nm for 12kW models – ideal for blue water vessels – and up to 72nm for 4kW models. The perfect companion to Raymarine’s award-winning Axiom® and Axiom Pro multifunction navigation displays (MFD) running LightHouse 3, Magnum is also backwards compatible with legacy models including:
LightHouse 2-based a, c, e, eS and gS-Series MFDs
C-Series Widescreen and E-Series Widescreen MFDs
E-Series Classic, G-Series Multifunction Displays
*Note: Not all Magnum features are available on all legacy MFDs.Superior Bird ModeBuilding upon Raymarine’s already exceptional bird identification technology, we have further advanced Magnum’s Bird Mode feature to target birds with greater clarity up to 10nm. Locating flocks of birds with Magnum helps anglers find schooling baitfish faster and with less fuel consumption.Enhanced Radar ImagingMagnum radar also features Raymarine beam sharpening technology, delivering better than 1-degree bearing resolution for more detailed target separation, map-like coastal detail, and superior long-range performance.Best in Class Target TrackingMagnum delivers better situational awareness with fully automatic MARPA target acquisition and tracking. Magnum also makes use of Raymarine’s Evolution 9-axis heading sensor technology to deliver real-time, accurate target plots.True TrailsMagnum features True Trails target history. The True Trails features enables you to see a historical “wake” behind every moving contact. This additional information makes it even easier to interpret the motion of other vessels and make smart maneuvering decisions to pass safely.Real Time Heading UpdatesConnect Magnum with Axiom and LightHouse 3 and experience uninterrupted radar target imagery when making course changes. Real Time Heading updates allow the radar position display to rotate freely as-needed, without the need to refresh the entire display. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 48"
Power - Output: 12kW
Box Dimensions: 1"H x 21"W x 21"L WT: 82.8 lbs
Magnum 4' ArrayHigh Performance, Long Range Open ArrayMagnum high performance open array radars bring long range performance and unmatched small target radar imaging to Raymarine multifunction navigation displays. Employing many of the same radar technologies trusted by the United States Coast Guard, Magnum offers enhanced target tracking and reliable performance, all packaged in a sleek open-array pedestal built to withstand the elements.Key Features:Magnum is available in 4kW or 12kW power output options, and with either a four-foot or six-foot antenna array option. It offers a maximum range up to 96nm for 12kW models – ideal for blue water vessels – and up to 72nm for 4kW models. The perfect companion to Raymarine’s award-winning Axiom® and Axiom Pro multifunction navigation displays (MFD) running LightHouse 3, Magnum is also backwards compatible with legacy models including:
LightHouse 2-based a, c, e, eS and gS-Series MFDs
C-Series Widescreen and E-Series Widescreen MFDs
E-Series Classic, G-Series Multifunction Displays
*Note: Not all Magnum features are available on all legacy MFDs.Superior Bird ModeBuilding upon Raymarine’s already exceptional bird identification technology, we have further advanced Magnum’s Bird Mode feature to target birds with greater clarity up to 10nm. Locating flocks of birds with Magnum helps anglers find schooling baitfish faster and with less fuel consumption.Enhanced Radar ImagingMagnum radar also features Raymarine beam sharpening technology, delivering better than 1-degree bearing resolution for more detailed target separation, map-like coastal detail, and superior long-range performance.Best in Class Target TrackingMagnum delivers better situational awareness with fully automatic MARPA target acquisition and tracking. Magnum also makes use of Raymarine’s Evolution 9-axis heading sensor technology to deliver real-time, accurate target plots.True TrailsMagnum features True Trails target history. The True Trails features enables you to see a historical “wake” behind every moving contact. This additional information makes it even easier to interpret the motion of other vessels and make smart maneuvering decisions to pass safely.Real Time Heading UpdatesConnect Magnum with Axiom and LightHouse 3 and experience uninterrupted radar target imagery when making course changes. Real Time Heading updates allow the radar position display to rotate freely as-needed, without the need to refresh the entire display. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 48"
Box Dimensions: 9"H x 11"W x 53"L WT: 22 lbs
UPC: 723193822975
Quantum™ Q24C Radome w/Wi-Fi & Ethernet - 15M Power & 15M Data Cable IncludedRaymarine Quantum Radar, by FLIR, is the next generation of marine radar featuring CHIRP pulse compression technology.Setting a standard for compact solid state radar, Quantum delivers superior radar imaging on both long and extremely short ranges. Integrated Wi-Fi and thin cabling simplifies installation plus Quantum's energy efficient and lightweight design provides safe radiated emissions and substantially reduced power consumption. Superior Radar ImagingFLIR's exclusive ATX™ advanced target separation technology displays targets like boats, landmarks, rocks, buoys, and weather cells with unsurpassed resolution and separation quality.CHIRP Pulse CompressionExcellent short-range detection and enhanced target detail with 18' (6m) minimum range. CHIRP Pulse compression ensures more energy reaches each target, resulting in superior imaging on long ranges.Small Target DetectionQuantum's CHIRP Pulse Compression technology identifies small, weak targets, even when positioned close to strong returns.Simplified InstallationSimple Wi-Fi connection between Quantum and any Raymarine LightHouse II powered MFD. Quantum's small diameter power cable is easy to route through tight spaces. Easy to upgrade - Quantum uses the same bolt pattern as previous generation radars. Optional Quantum adapter cable eliminate the need to run new radar cables.Energy Efficient & Lightweight DesignWeighs 50% less than traditional magnetron radars. Safe Emissions thanks to Quantum's low power solid state radar transmitter. Very low power consumption (17 Watts transmit and 7 watts standby). Extended vessel battery life when under sail. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 18"
Range - Max (Miles): 24nm
Box Dimensions: 9"H x 24"W x 24"L WT: 25 lbs
UPC: 723193853917
12V-24V DC 16 Amp Converter f/DRS25AX X-Class Open Array - NewmarDC Converter 12V-24V 16 AmpsWARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals which are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to P65Warnings.ca.gov.This product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns.
Quantum 2 Q24D Dopper Radar - No CableThe Raymarine Quantum 2 Radar has Doppler collision avoidance technology. The Quantum 2 next generation CHIRP pulse compression radar by Raymarine provides superior target awareness at both long and extremely short ranges.Using advanced Doppler processing, the system instantly highlights moving radar contacts and color codes them to indicate whether they are inbound or outbound. Quantum with Doppler makes it easy to discern potentially dangerous targets when navigating in high-traffic areas.Easily Identify Dangerous TargetsRaymarine Quantum 2 Doppler target processing readily identifies and color codes moving radar contacts for instant recognition and reduced risk of collision.Safer NavigationQuantum 2’s exclusive Safety Sector feature provides the maximum level of visibility to dangerous targets in the path of your vessel (both mobile and stationary).Superior Collision AvoidanceDoppler-enabled MARPA provides an effortless means of dangerous target tracking by eliminating the need to setup guard zones. Raymarine MARPA target tracking is the same technology trusted by the United States Coast Guard.Features:
Doppler moving target display allows for superior situational awareness at-a-glance
Fully automatic ARPA target tracking, along with manual MARPA mode
Adjustable TrueTrails target history shows the motion history of moving contacts
CHIRP Pulse Compression detects contacts as close as 18-feet for zero-visibility navigation
24-mile range for early detection of traffic, navigation aids, landfall and weather
Immediate awareness – Quantum starts up and is ready to go in seconds
Superior interference rejection eliminates noise from other radars
Simplified installation with Wi-Fi or thin wire network connectivity
Easy upgrade – Quantum 2 fits the same bolt pattern as other Raymarine scanners
Lightweight and easy to install – Quantum weighs up to 50% less than comparable magnetron radars
Safe emissions – mount Quantum anywhere onboard
Low power consumption for extended battery life under sail
How Doppler Radar Works:
Microwave energy waves are bounced off of a distant target, just like conventional radar.
Moving targets send back echoes whose frequencies shift upward or downward from what was originally transmitted.
For inbound targets, the frequency increases as the leading edge of the returning echoes are received more frequently as the target’s range decreases.
For outbound targets, the frequency drops as the returning echoes spread out as its range increases.
Doppler radars are engineered to detect these small shifts in wave frequency, and use them to classify moving radar targets.
Doppler Target ProcessingDoppler radar is tuned specifically to detect the radar echo frequency shift returned by moving vs. stationary targets.Quantum 2 then uniquely color codes moving targets to indicate whether they are getting closer, or moving away.
Inbound targets are colored red
Outbound targets are colored green
Color coded targets make it simple to pick out moving traffic from other stationary targets like land, navigation aids or stopped/anchored vessels.Quantum 2 Safety SectorDoppler does an excellent job of bringing attention to moving targets, but it does downplay stationary targets, that can be equally as dangerous.Safety Sector provides equal attention to these imminent threats by coloring them as inbound targets. Potential targets include:
Buoys
Exposed Hazard (rocks, pilings, etc...)
Slow moving, low visibility vessels
Quantum 2's Safety Sector spreads 15° from the bow to a distance of approximately 200m
NOTE: The safety sector is not visible on the display. Quantum 2 automatically processes and highlights targets within this region in red.The Quantum 2 also features fully automatic target acquisition and tracking. Configure custom safety or alarm zones and be alerted to new radar contacts entering the zone. Quantum 2 can begin tracking those contacts automatically, calculating their course, speed, closest point of approach and more. You’ll be alerted to dangerous contacts with audible alerts and easy to understand on-screen graphics.Quantum 2 also features Raymarine’s True Trails target history display. The True Trails features enables you to see a historical “wake” behind every moving contact. This additional information makes it even easier to interpret the motion of other vessels, and make smart maneuvering decisions to pass safely.Like every Raymarine Quantum system, you’ll also benefit from a rugged and lightweight design that is super-easy to install. Quantum 2 has very low power consumption making it especially friendly to vessels running exclusively on battery power. Quantum 2 with Doppler can be installed in a traditional wired configuration, or use its built-in Wi-Fi technology to connect it to your Raymarine MFD.The Quantum 2 with Doppler truly sets the standard for on the water safety and collision avoidance. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 18"
Power - Output: 20w
Box Dimensions: 12"H x 23"W x 24"L WT: 18 lbs
UPC: 723193823101
Quick Guide (pdf)
1815 8.4" Color LCD 19" 4kW Radar with 10M CableThe Furuno 1815 is a standalone Radar package that features an 8.4” color LCD screen and stylish, low-profile 4kW radome antenna. It is designed for a wide variety of vessels, including pleasure craft, workboats and small fishing boats that require an easy-to-use, true color Radar at an affordable price point.The unit allows you to select from several adjustable display colors to ensure that it can be viewed in a variety of conditions. The gimbal mount allows the display to swivel when desktop mounted, allowing the user to adjust the display angle for optimal viewing comfort. Overhead mounts are available for added flexibility or you can flush mount it with a simple 5” hole saw.
Furuno’s Fast Target Tracking (TT) function allows the user to manually or automatically track up to 10 targets. After selecting a target, it takes only seconds for a speed and course vector to be displayed, making quick work of determining the safety of approaching or moving targets. When using Furuno’s proprietary True Trail mode, moving objects will show a gradation of target trails in their wake, making it possible to gauge the movement of targets at-a-glance. Whenn connected to a Furuno AIS, up to 100 targets can be tracked and displayed on the screen, allowing the operator to instantly gather important information about other AIS-equipped vessels nearby.
The 1815 also utilizes Furuno’s True View mode to make reading the display more intuitive. For example, when your vessel is turning, the echoes stay consistent on the display, so you can constantly see the targets on the screen, without waiting for them to update after the turn. This mode proves to be especially useful when you are turning to avoid hazardous targets.
The automatic gain reduction on the 1815 makes use of algorithms that have been refined over many decades of Furuno experience and innovation. This means the 1815 is second to none in clutter rejection. With no input from the user, this Radar will automatically eliminate unnecessary echoes and present a clear display image with every sweep of its antenna. This ensures that you will be able to acquire other vessels, buoys and objects on the sea surface in good weather, or when sudden fog and storms make the visibility poor.
Other display modes include Off Center, allowing own ship's position to be shifted to a pre-registered point on screen, and Zoom, which will expand and display a selected target up to 2x in a zoom window.Features:•8.4" Portrait Color LCD Display (IPx6 Rating)
•Compact and Lightweight 4kW Radome Antenna
•Fast Target Tracking provides instant heading and speed info for up to 10 targets
•True Trail and True View modes (heading sensor required)
•AIS display for up to 100 targets (optional AIS receiver required)
•Advanced auto-adjust settings for Gain/Sea Clutter/Rain Clutter
•Digital Signal Processing for improved auto Gain/Sea/Rain controls
•Cosmetic match to FCV588 Fish Finder with UI based on 1835 & FR8XX5 Radars
•Swivel mount bracket to adjust the angle of the display unit
•12-24 VDC input and low power consumption (Up to 38 W during transmit)
•5.2-degree horizontal and 25-degree vertical beam width
•External pigtail cable eliminates need to open the dome to install the Radar cable
•(3) NMEA0183 inputs for GPS, heading, and AIS (Port 3 for heading only)
•(2) NMEA0183 outputs for TTM, TLL and RSD (with required nav sensor inputs)
Advanced AutoAdjust settings for Gain/Sea clutter/Rain clutter - To display targets clearly and accurately, the gain must adjusted. The 1815 can do this automatically for you. By automatically adjusting the gain, the Radar eliminates unnecessary echoes and display a clear image.Fast Target Tracking™ (TT) FunctionFast Target Tracking™ (TT) function manually or automatically acquires and tracks 10 targets. After selecting a target, it only takes a few seconds for a speed and course vector to be displaed. With accurate tracking information, estimation of other vessel's course and speed is made easier.AIS Display When connecting a Furuno FA-30/50 AIS unit, up to 100 AIS targets can be tracked and displayed on the Radar screen. The AIS improves safety during travel by sharing the status and position of your vessel with other AIS-equipped vessels nearby. You can easily read detailed information about other AIS equipped vessels nearby, such as speed and heading.True Trail Mode When using the True Trail mode, moving objects will show up on the main screen with a gradational trail. These trails make it possible to see the movement of nearby vessels in the blink of an eye.This product may not be returned to the original point of purchase. Please contact the manufacturer directly with any issues or concerns. Specifications:
Array Size (Inches): 19"
Power - Output: 4kW
Screen Size: 8.4"
Box Dimensions: 16"H x 22"W x 31"L WT: 38.6 lbs
UPC: 611679369840
Brochure (pdf)